holliday



A. HOLLIDAY.

ELECTROLYTIC APPARATUS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF LIQUOR FOR BLEACHING ANDOTHER PURPOSES.

APPLICATION FILED DEC- 22, I9I5 l 1 93,786 Patented Aug. 8, 1916.

3 SHEETSSHEET I- I I IIII IIII IIII IIIII n? I I I I I 5 I I IgH 1I r- II I I' I I 1| 1 I I I hfflfxf f x/ Q IZ I I III|'II IIIIIII I I A.HOLLIDAY. LECTROLYTIC APPARATUS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF LIQUOR FORBLEACHING AND OTHER PURPOSES. APPLICATION FILED DEC. 22, 1915.

l ,1 93,766. Y Patented Aug. 8, 1916.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 2- A. HOLLIDAY.

ELECTROLYTIC APPARATUS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF LIQUOR FOR BLEACHING ANDOTHER PURPOSES.

APPLICATION FILED DEC. 22, 1935.

1 1 93,786. Patented Aug. 8, 1916.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

' To-all whom it may concern:

5 of London,

\ ALBERT HOLLIDAY, or wIM'BLEnon, LONDON, ENGLAND.

ELECTROLYTIC APPARATUS FOR.

Specification of Letters Patent. I

THE PRODUCTION or LIQUOR non BLEAcHInG AND OTHER ironrosns.

' Patented Aug; 8, 1916.

. Application filed December 22, 1915. Serial No. 68,135.

Be it known thatl, ALnnn'r subjectland, residing at Wimbledon, in thecounty vented certain new and useful Improvements. in ElectrolyticApparatus for the Production of- Liquor for Bleaching and otherPurposes, of which the following is a Specification.

This invention relates to improvements in electrolytic apparatus for theproduction of liquor for bleaching and other purposes.

7 The invention refers more particularly to apparatus of the kind inwhich'the electrodes are built up in an insulating frame in spaced andparallel relationship to each other and with the alternate elementsconnected to a pair of common terminals, the

said unit being portable and independent of the trough or vat containingthe liquor in which .it is immersed.

The primary object of the present inven tion is to, provide apparatus ofthe above kind suitable for the employment of a large current at a lowvoltage and which is distinguished by the arrangement of the electrodesin the frame so that any one can be removed without loosening orremoving the others. 7

Another object is to provide apparatus of the above kind in which themethod of connecting the lugs to the top frame member is such as toprevent the corrosion of the metal studs and fittings.

Another object is to PIOXldG apparatus of the above kind having aremovable protec tive cover for the bus bars and terminal fittings.

A further object is to provide apparatus of the above kind in which theframe is of improved construction having a deflecting late to insureelfi'cient circulation of the iquid in which it is immersed.

5 In order that the invention may be clearly understood and more readilycarried into effect it is hereinafter described with reference 'to theaccompanying drawings in which Figure 1 is a side elevation of oneconvenient construction of a multi-polar electrode unit; Fig. 2 is across-sectional view taken on the line 22 of the preceding figure; Fig.3 is a plan view, and Fig. 4 is a general plan view illustrating onecon- HOLLIDAY, a of His v Majesty the King of Eng Kingdom of England,have invenient manner of arranging such a unit in a brine trough.

As shown each unlt comprises a portable or removable fralne a of ac1dproof nonconductlng material which is suitably formed to receive aplurality of graphite, carbon or other electrodes, 1) indicating the oneset and o the other set. The electrodes 6 and o are arranged in closelyspaced and parallel relationship to each other and are electricallyconnected up in sets by\means ofintcgrally formed elongated lugs f andmetal studs h to a pair of common bus bars I) and (1 respectively eachcarrying a common terminal 7) 0 This arrangement, owing to the equaleffective area of electrode surface exposed, enables each set ofelectrodes to be used, in the'known manner,

either as anodes or cathodes by simply connecting up the two terminals bc to the reverse poles of the supply circuit. This feature is ofspecial, advantage when the cathodes become coated with deposit as it isnot necessary'to remove or scrape them as by simply reversing the flowof the current the deposit can be almost instantly dislodged anddeposited into the bottom of the trough. The electrodes are arranged ingrooves (Z in the side frame bars and also in other grooves 0 in abottom bar or stand 6 which is adapted to be arranged in tongue andgroove or other sliding engagement with the inside of the side standardsof the frame a to permit of its being removed should it be desired toremove any one .of the electrodes. It is thus possible to remove anelectrode from the bottom of the frame, when the latter has been removedfrom the trough, without having to take off the top plate a of the framea or to disconnect the bus bar and all of the contacts as is usuallynecessary with the known apparatus in use.

The elongated connecting lugs f of the electrodes b and 0 which carrythe cur rent from the bus bars are preferably coated with an acid proofsolution and theninclosed as has previously been suggested in a sheath 9of acid proof non-conducting material to prevent disintegration and alsoto prevent the creeping up of the electrolyte and the corrosion of themetalstuds h, and fittings, which would otherwise occur. In the presentinvention a rubber washer i is also used between the upper ends of thelugs and the top plate a of the frame to insure a liquid 11o tightjoint. Between the two bus bars I) I and from the negative electrodescaustic soda and hydrogen. Owing to the use of a heavy current densitysuch as 600 amps. at 4volts for a 150 gallon apparatus, the hydrogen isgiven off rapidly to the atmosphere in the form of molecular bubbles onthe upper surface of the electrolyte and therefore does not come incontact with the hypochlorite thus 7 formed by the free admixture of thechlorin gas and caustic soda, as the chlorin gas being in gaseous formand aided by the convection which is set up by the rise in temperatureof the liquor between the electrodes, rapidly rises to near the surfaceand is dis pelled all over the surface of the liquor which absorbs it.This absorption of the chlorin gas is facilitated according to thepresent invention owing to the distance of the upper edge of theelectrodes below the surface level of the liquor and by the sheathing ofthe connecting lugs as before described. The circulation is alsoassisted by v the provision of a depending deflecting plate Z on theterminal plate a of the frame a and by the provision of cooling coils mat the opposite ends of the trough or vat is.

It will be understood that as it is the distance between theelectrodesthat determines or governs the current that can be used, in order toworkat a low voltage it is desirable to keep the distance separating theelectrodes within the limits of half an inch for large or small units,but for large units the thickness of the material forming the electrodeswould preferably be increased, and the surface and number of theelectrodes increased in proportion.

What I claim is.:.

l. Electrolytic apparatus for the production of liquor for bleaching andother purposes comprising a portable frame adapted to be inserted in areceptacle containing the solution, said fraine having a top bar and aremovable lower support, a plurality of 'elecposes comprising a portableframe adapted .to be inserted in a receptacle containing the trodesindependently connected to and de pending from. said top barand normallyresting u on said lower support so as to permit 0 any separate electrodebeing removed from the frame when the lower support is displaced.

2. Electrolytic apparatus for the production of liquor forbleaching andother pursolution, said frame having a top bar and a removable lowersupport, a plurality of electrodes independently connected to anddepending from said top bar so as. to normally rest upon said lowersupport and to permit ,of the separate detachment of any electrode whenthe lower bar is removed said electrodes for this purpose being securedto the top plate by means of metal studs and theuppr ends oftheelectrodes and the said top plate.

3. Electrolytic apparatus for the production of liquor for bleaching andother purposes comprising a portable frame adapted to be inserted in areceptacle containing the solution, said frame having a fixed top barand a removable lower support, a plurality of electrodes forming anodesand cathodes and detachably connected to anddepending from said top barso as to normally rest-upon said lower support, metal studs nuts, andrubber washers for connecting the said electrodes to the said top bar, apair of common bus bars connected respectively to the anodes andcathodes terminal fittings on said bus bars and a protective cover forinclosing the bus bars and the terminal fittings.

4:. Electrolytic apparatus forthe pr0duction of liquor for bleaching andother purposes comprising a portable frame adapted to be inserted in areceptacle containing the solution, said frame having a top bar and aremovable lower support, a plurality of elec- 100 trodes forming anodesand cathodes and detachably and independently connected to and dependingfrom said top bar so as to normally rest upon said lower support,elongated lugs on said electrode arranged in 105 series for the anodesand cathodes and a deflecting plate arranged between the two v 1 seriesof the lugs and serving to assist in the.

circulation of the liquid in the vessel.

' In testimony whereof I have hereunto 110 signed my name to thisspecification.

' ALBERT HOLLIDAY.

having a rubber washer interposed between

